Occasional Yeast In Urine
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There is no need to immediately panic if you find particles in your urine, however, it certainly should be addressed by your doctor.
There are many reasons that white stuff could appear in urine, and some reasons are more critical than others.
According to the University of Washington, it may be due to something as simple as a urinary tract infection.(1)
It is important to have a doctor investigate the root of the issue further to find the cause of the problem.
Urine casts are cylindrical, cigar-shaped structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine in certain disease conditions. All casts are composed of a mucoprotein known as Tamm-Horsfall protein which is secreted by the distal loop of Henle, the distal tubule and the collecting ducts at a fairly constant rate. These are removed through urine, so you may notice pepper like black specks during urination. Problems In The Liver. Dark specks in urine indicate a probable problem in the liver. Liver problems may result in dark sediments in the urine. Excessive amounts of protein in the body can also lead to dark spots in the urine. Based on your answers, you will learn about the causes of the blood in your urine and what actions you should take. This guide is informational and not intended to replace the evaluation and advice of a health care professional. Sometimes blood from the vagina or rectum can be in the urine.Causes Of Particles In Your Urine
According to HealthTherapy, there are a variety of issues that could result in seeing particles in your urine.(2)
Some of these include:
» Sediments
Sediments are the white phosphate particles that are in urine. Often, these particles go unnoticed. The sediment particles found in urine are usually just detached cells of the urinary tract walls.
These cells may detach due to several other health complications, such as yeast infections and UTIs.
» Urinary Tract Infection
A urinary tract infection is an infection that is caused by E. coli, gram-negative bacteria, or other pathogens.
A patient suffering from a urinary tract infection is likely to have more sediment in their urine than healthy people do. This excess of particles is made up of protein, white blood cells, leukocytes, and bacteria.
Bacteria can enter the urinary system either through the bloodstream or through the urethra. If they enter through the urethra, the bacteria enters the tract directly, letting it multiply quickly, leading to an infection.
A UTI can also cause the walls of the urinary tract to detach, leading to its excretion from the body through urine.
» Kidney Stones
Kidney stones can also lead to white particles in urine. Small particles that show up in the urine that look like grains of salt can actually be very small kidney stones.
People can get a kidney stone due to several different things, such as poor diet and lifestyle. If these are small and easy to pass, they are not likely to cause much trouble. However, large kidney stones may require surgery.
» Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis is caused by the overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina, possibly due to poor genital hygiene.
According to Health Central Encyclopedia, the most common bacteria that overgrows in the vagina is gardnerella vaginalis.(3)
The symptoms of this may not become severe enough to see white specks in the urine, but this condition may cause them to be present.
» Monilia Yeast Infection
This is a naturally occurring yeast in the vaginal canal. However, under the right circumstances, it can multiply quickly, leading to a yeast infection. This is typically caused by changes in the pH levels in the vagina.
A primary symptom of a Monilia yeast infection is a white vaginal discharge with the presence of soft particles. When this vaginal discharge is combined with urine during the process of urination, it leads to white flakes in the urine.
» Parasitic Infections
An infection that is caused by parasites can attack the urinary tract.
Parasites typically leave the body with urine, which then causes the urine to have floating white particles. Additionally, parasites that cause a trichomoniasis infection in the urinary tract may cause urine to have white thread-like particles, due to the discharge of mucus in the urine.
However, according to the CDC, many people who have a trichomoniasis infection never realize it is present.(4)
» Excess Protein
If the kidneys are unable to fully filter stuff from the urine, protein particles may be discharged through the urine.
Proteinuria (which is the presence of protein in the urine) can happen in different forms and at various levels of severity. According to MedScape, this can be the result of a few things.(5)
For example, the proximal tubules may not be able to fully absorb proteins, or an increased production of proteins in the body may be too much for the body to absorb. Iphone xr los angeles wallpaper.
Finally, a pathological damage that has been done to the glomerulus can result in excess protein. The most common protein that is found in urine is Albumin, and the most common symptom of this is having cloudy urine.
» Retrograde Ejaculation
When semen leaks into the bladder rather than passing through the penis during ejaculation, urine sediments may occur. This is because the semen gets removed through the urinary tract and have the appearance of sediments.
Men who have had prostate surgery are more likely to suffer from this condition.
» Diabetes
According to HealthTherapy, people who have diabetes have an excessive amount of blood glucose, which can show up in a patient’s urine.(6) People suffering from diabetes are also prone to Ketonuria, which is a condition that causes an excessive amount of ketones to be present in urine.
Ketones are formed during the body’s process of breaking down fat. In healthy people, ketones particles never move from the blood to the urine, but people suffering from diabetes may experience an overflow of ketones particles, causing it to be present in urine.Symptoms
Having sediment appear in urine is likely to be a symptom of an underlying condition rather than being an issue on its own.
Therefore, any symptoms experienced with this problem would be those that are associated with its cause.
For example, if the sediment is due to a kidney stone, according to the Mayo Clinic, some other symptoms that the patient may experience include:(7)
» Severe lower back pain
» Pain spreading to the groin
» Pain that fluctuates in intensity
» Painful urination
» Nausea
» Vomiting
» Odd-colored urine
» Cloudy urine
» Increased urgency to urinate
» Fever and chills
» Inability to fully empty the bladder
There are also non-urinary metabolic problems that may be present if urine has sediment in it. Seeing the sediment is a sign that the body is ridding itself of extra chemicals or toxins, and is using the urinary tract as an exit for the excess materials.
If this is the case, some non-urinary symptoms may appear, such as weakness, changes in digestion, or other noticeable changes in your body.Diagnosis
There is not an easy way to determine the cause of tissue in the urine just by looking at it. This is why it is important to see a doctor if you notice this happening more than once.
In order to receive a proper diagnosis, there are several urine tests that can be performed. A doctor may request a urine ketone test or a urine dipstick test. In general, it is best to visit a doctor when trying to get a correct diagnosis.
According to LiveStrong, the sediment that is present in urine is made up of debris, cells and other solid materials.(8) With a urine specimen, a doctor can see the lab results after the urine is spun down in a centrifuge, extracting the sediments.
If the tissue found in the urine is extremely abnormal, a doctor may order a biopsy of the kidneys. This method to diagnose the issue is most common if a patient has extraordinarily high levels of protein in the urine.Treatment
You should always see a doctor if you notice particles in your urine. If this happens once and then goes away without accompanying symptoms, you are likely safe to wait and see if it happens again before visiting your doctor.
However, if this occurs often and is accompanied by other symptoms, it is likely a sign of an infection or disease. A doctor may perform various tests in order to determine the cause of the sediment.
The treatment plan will then be based on the root cause of the flakes in your urine.
For example, if the particles are found to be due to bacteria, an antibiotic may be prescribed to fight off that infection. If the sediments are due to a more serious condition, such as severe kidney difficulties, surgery may be suggested.
After treatment is completed, patients may need to return to the doctor for a routine urinalysis at regular intervals.
This will help ensure that the assigned treatment is effective and the concentration of sediments in the urine has decreased. This is especially important in those who has very concentrated urine sediments.Prevention
The best approach to avoiding sediments in your urine is prevention.
No matter what the root cause of the issue may be, the best approach is preventing the issue with a forward-thinking lifestyle. By doing this, you are paying attention to your overall health and maintaining a healthy diet and active lifestyle.
One’s diet can have a great impact on the chances of developing many diseases. Diets full of various fruits and vegetables give your body the antioxidants it needs to fight off diseases.
These foods also help to cleanse your blood of unhealthy cholesterol. Cholesterol can build up in the blood vessels and prevent blood from circulating properly. If your circulation is strong, your heart is much more likely to be healthy and the blood is able to distribute enough nutrients to your organs to make sure they are nourished.
This will help the organs function at an optimal level.
Read more:
References
(1)”sci.washington.edu/info/pamphlets/uti_2.asp
(2)”healththerapy.org/white-particles-in-urine/
(3)”healthcentral.com/encyclopedia/hc/gardnerella-vaginalis-3168696/
(4)”cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/stdfact-trichomoniasis.htm
(5)”emedicine.medscape.com/article/238158-overview
(6)”healththerapy.org/sediment-in-urine/
(7)”mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/basics/symptoms/con-20024829
(8)”livestrong.com/article/165453-normal-sediment-urine/
Urine casts are cylindrical, cigar-shaped structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine in certain disease conditions.
All casts are composed of a mucoprotein known as Tamm-Horsfall protein which is secreted by the distal loop of Henle, the distal tubule and the collecting ducts at a fairly constant rate. A significant number of urinary casts usually indicates the presence of renal disease.Formation of Casts
Urinary casts are formed only in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) or the collecting duct. The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and loop of Henle are not locations for cast formation. Casts are the result of solidification of material (protein) in the lumen of the kidney tubules.
Once formed, these casts of the tubule are eliminated via the urine and may be seen in the urine sediment. They may contain RBCs, WBCs, renal epithelial cells, fat globules, bacteria, and degenerated forms of any of these structures, which are seen as granules.
Aggregates of plasma proteins, including fibrinogen, immune complexes, and globulins, may also be seen as granules within a cast.Types of urinary Casts
Urinary casts can be divided into two main categories : Acellular and Cellular Casts.Acellular CastsCellular CastsHyaline CastsRed Blood Cell CastsGranular CastsWhite Blood Cell CastsWaxy CastsBacterial CastsFatty CastsEpithelial Cell CastsAcellular CastsHyaline Casts
Hyaline casts are the most common type of casts which are composed of solidified Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein. They have smooth texture and a refractive index very close to that of the surrounding fluid.
Generally, hyaline casts have parallel sides with clear margins and blunted ends. Hyaline casts can be seen even in healthy patients. They may be seen in increased numbers during dehydration, exercise or diuretic medicines.Granular Casts
Granular casts result either from the degeneration of cellular casts, or direct aggregation of plasma proteins or immunoglobulin light chains. They have a textured appearance which ranges from fine to coarse in character.
Their appearance is generally more cigar-shaped and of a higher refractive index than hyaline casts. They are seen after sternous exercise, chronic renal diseases, acute tubular necrosis etc.Waxy Casts
Waxy casts represent the final stage of degeneration of cellular casts. They are more refractile and therefore easier to see compared to hyaline casts.
They are uaually seen in tubular injury of a more chronic nature than granular or cellular casts like severe chronic renal disease and renal amyloidosis. These casts are also called renal failure casts.Fatty Casts
Fatty casts are formed by the breakdown of lipid-rich epithelial cells. These contain lipid droplets within the protein matrix of the cast and are identified by the presence of refractile lipid droplets. They are usually seen in the conditions like tubular degeneration, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism etc.Cellular Casts
A cellular cast may be composed of any of the cells found in the urine sediment, such as RBC, WBC, or renal tubular epithelial cell. The cellular cast appears to result from a clumping of cells that are incorporated in a protein matrix.Red Blood Cell Casts
Red blood cells may stick together and form red blood cell casts. Such casts are indicative of glomerulonephritis, with leakage of RBC’s from glomeruli, or severe tubular damage.White Blood Cell Casts
White blood cells (generally neutrophils) are present within or upon casts. These casts are typical for acute pyelonephritis, but they may also be present with glomerulonephritis.
They may also be seen in acute interstitial nephritis, lupus nephritis, and acute papillary necrosis.Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Casts
These casts are composed of renal epithelial cells. These casts are seen in conditions such as renal tubular necrosis, viral disease (such as CMV nephritis), and kidney transplant rejection.Bacterial Cell Casts
Bacterial casts are casts composed of bacteria in a protein(hyaline) matrix. Bacterial casts are diagnostic of acute pyelonephritis or intrinsic renal infection.SummaryCastsCompositionAssociated ConditionsHyaline castsSolidified Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein
*Normal individuals
*Dehydration
*Heavy exerciseGranular castsVarious cell types (Degeneration of cellular casts, Aggregates of plasma proteins or immunoglobulin light chains)
*After sternous exercise
*Chronic renal diseases
*Acute tubular necrosisWaxy casts (renal failure casts)Various cell types (Final stage of degeneration of cellular cast)
*Severe chronic renal disease
*renal amyloidosisFatty castsLipid droplets within the protein matrix of the cast
*Tubular degeneration
*Nephrotic syndrome
*HypothyroidismRBC CastsRed Blood Cells
*Pyelonephritis
*Glomerulonephritis
*Acute interstitial nephritis
*Lupus nephritisWBC CastsWhite Blood Cells
*GlomerulonephritisEpithelial Cell CastsRenal Tubular Epithelial Cells
*Renal tubular necrosis
*Viral Diseases
*Kidney transplant rejectionBacterial Cell CastsBacterial Cells
*Acute pyelonephritis
*Intrinsic renal infection
What does it mean to have cast in your urine?There are different interpretations of having a cast in the urine. It all depends on the type of cast. If it is a granular cast, it could indicate underlying kidney disease. If it is a red blood cell cast, it could be a sign of bleeding from the kidneys, which could be associated with different types of kidney-related diseases. If the cast is tubular epithelial, then it could suggest damage in the kidney’s tubule cells.Are casts in urine normal?It is normal to have cast in the urine, but in a very few amount and usually hyaline or granular in nature. However, you have to be aware that people with chronic or progressive generalized nephritis, there could also be the presence of a few cast.What causes granular casts in urine?A granular cast can be associated with kidney-related conditions, but non-specific and could also be observed in people with other types of kidney-related diseases.What is the normal range for casts in urine?Hyaline cast in urine for healthy people ranges between 0 to 5 per power field. If you have just performed an exercise routine, there could be an increase in the number of hyaline casts. There are other types of the cast that could be detected in the urine and each is associated with different types of kidney-related diseases.What do red blood cell casts in the urine always indicate?If red blood cell casts are detected, they could suggest bleeding in the kidneys, which could be linked to different types of kidney diseases.What do crystals in urine indicate?If crystals in the urine are detected, the amount, size, and type are further investigated. A few small urine crystals in urine is just normal. However, large crystals shouldn’t be taken lightly as they could form kidney stones – a hard pebble-like substance that could get stuck in the kidneys.How are casts formed?Casts are formed in the thin, long, and hallow renal tubules, which explains why they are cylindrical in shape and structure. They are formed specifically in the distal convoluted tubule/collecting duct.Why is there mucus in my urine?aMucus in urine is a thick and slimy substance that coats and moistens some body parts including the urinary tract. It is just normal to have a small amount of mucus in urine. However, you have to be wary of the amount of mucus gets out of control as it could be indicative of urinary tract infection or other underlying medical conditions.What is damaging to kidneys?The kidneys are a highly sensitive organ and most of the time other underlying medical conditions could cause damage to the kidneys. These include diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 and high blood pressure.What causes the protein in the urine?The presence of protein in urine could be due to many factors such as:
*High protein diet
*Stress
*Pregnancy
*Strenuous exercise
If the protein in the urine is abnormally high, the doctor will request additional urinalysis and other necessary tests to find out the culprit.What should not be found in urine?The following are not usually found in urine:
*Nitrites
*Hemoglobin
*Glucose
*Protein
*Ketones
*Bilirubin
*Red blood cells
*White blood cellsHow do you get rid of crystals in your urine?There are different ways to remove crystal formation in urine but the most effective ones include the following:
*Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
*Ureteroscopy – a thin scope with a camera on the end is passed through the bladder to access the kidneys.
*Extra
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There is no need to immediately panic if you find particles in your urine, however, it certainly should be addressed by your doctor.
There are many reasons that white stuff could appear in urine, and some reasons are more critical than others.
According to the University of Washington, it may be due to something as simple as a urinary tract infection.(1)
It is important to have a doctor investigate the root of the issue further to find the cause of the problem.
Urine casts are cylindrical, cigar-shaped structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine in certain disease conditions. All casts are composed of a mucoprotein known as Tamm-Horsfall protein which is secreted by the distal loop of Henle, the distal tubule and the collecting ducts at a fairly constant rate. These are removed through urine, so you may notice pepper like black specks during urination. Problems In The Liver. Dark specks in urine indicate a probable problem in the liver. Liver problems may result in dark sediments in the urine. Excessive amounts of protein in the body can also lead to dark spots in the urine. Based on your answers, you will learn about the causes of the blood in your urine and what actions you should take. This guide is informational and not intended to replace the evaluation and advice of a health care professional. Sometimes blood from the vagina or rectum can be in the urine.Causes Of Particles In Your Urine
According to HealthTherapy, there are a variety of issues that could result in seeing particles in your urine.(2)
Some of these include:
» Sediments
Sediments are the white phosphate particles that are in urine. Often, these particles go unnoticed. The sediment particles found in urine are usually just detached cells of the urinary tract walls.
These cells may detach due to several other health complications, such as yeast infections and UTIs.
» Urinary Tract Infection
A urinary tract infection is an infection that is caused by E. coli, gram-negative bacteria, or other pathogens.
A patient suffering from a urinary tract infection is likely to have more sediment in their urine than healthy people do. This excess of particles is made up of protein, white blood cells, leukocytes, and bacteria.
Bacteria can enter the urinary system either through the bloodstream or through the urethra. If they enter through the urethra, the bacteria enters the tract directly, letting it multiply quickly, leading to an infection.
A UTI can also cause the walls of the urinary tract to detach, leading to its excretion from the body through urine.
» Kidney Stones
Kidney stones can also lead to white particles in urine. Small particles that show up in the urine that look like grains of salt can actually be very small kidney stones.
People can get a kidney stone due to several different things, such as poor diet and lifestyle. If these are small and easy to pass, they are not likely to cause much trouble. However, large kidney stones may require surgery.
» Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis is caused by the overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina, possibly due to poor genital hygiene.
According to Health Central Encyclopedia, the most common bacteria that overgrows in the vagina is gardnerella vaginalis.(3)
The symptoms of this may not become severe enough to see white specks in the urine, but this condition may cause them to be present.
» Monilia Yeast Infection
This is a naturally occurring yeast in the vaginal canal. However, under the right circumstances, it can multiply quickly, leading to a yeast infection. This is typically caused by changes in the pH levels in the vagina.
A primary symptom of a Monilia yeast infection is a white vaginal discharge with the presence of soft particles. When this vaginal discharge is combined with urine during the process of urination, it leads to white flakes in the urine.
» Parasitic Infections
An infection that is caused by parasites can attack the urinary tract.
Parasites typically leave the body with urine, which then causes the urine to have floating white particles. Additionally, parasites that cause a trichomoniasis infection in the urinary tract may cause urine to have white thread-like particles, due to the discharge of mucus in the urine.
However, according to the CDC, many people who have a trichomoniasis infection never realize it is present.(4)
» Excess Protein
If the kidneys are unable to fully filter stuff from the urine, protein particles may be discharged through the urine.
Proteinuria (which is the presence of protein in the urine) can happen in different forms and at various levels of severity. According to MedScape, this can be the result of a few things.(5)
For example, the proximal tubules may not be able to fully absorb proteins, or an increased production of proteins in the body may be too much for the body to absorb. Iphone xr los angeles wallpaper.
Finally, a pathological damage that has been done to the glomerulus can result in excess protein. The most common protein that is found in urine is Albumin, and the most common symptom of this is having cloudy urine.
» Retrograde Ejaculation
When semen leaks into the bladder rather than passing through the penis during ejaculation, urine sediments may occur. This is because the semen gets removed through the urinary tract and have the appearance of sediments.
Men who have had prostate surgery are more likely to suffer from this condition.
» Diabetes
According to HealthTherapy, people who have diabetes have an excessive amount of blood glucose, which can show up in a patient’s urine.(6) People suffering from diabetes are also prone to Ketonuria, which is a condition that causes an excessive amount of ketones to be present in urine.
Ketones are formed during the body’s process of breaking down fat. In healthy people, ketones particles never move from the blood to the urine, but people suffering from diabetes may experience an overflow of ketones particles, causing it to be present in urine.Symptoms
Having sediment appear in urine is likely to be a symptom of an underlying condition rather than being an issue on its own.
Therefore, any symptoms experienced with this problem would be those that are associated with its cause.
For example, if the sediment is due to a kidney stone, according to the Mayo Clinic, some other symptoms that the patient may experience include:(7)
» Severe lower back pain
» Pain spreading to the groin
» Pain that fluctuates in intensity
» Painful urination
» Nausea
» Vomiting
» Odd-colored urine
» Cloudy urine
» Increased urgency to urinate
» Fever and chills
» Inability to fully empty the bladder
There are also non-urinary metabolic problems that may be present if urine has sediment in it. Seeing the sediment is a sign that the body is ridding itself of extra chemicals or toxins, and is using the urinary tract as an exit for the excess materials.
If this is the case, some non-urinary symptoms may appear, such as weakness, changes in digestion, or other noticeable changes in your body.Diagnosis
There is not an easy way to determine the cause of tissue in the urine just by looking at it. This is why it is important to see a doctor if you notice this happening more than once.
In order to receive a proper diagnosis, there are several urine tests that can be performed. A doctor may request a urine ketone test or a urine dipstick test. In general, it is best to visit a doctor when trying to get a correct diagnosis.
According to LiveStrong, the sediment that is present in urine is made up of debris, cells and other solid materials.(8) With a urine specimen, a doctor can see the lab results after the urine is spun down in a centrifuge, extracting the sediments.
If the tissue found in the urine is extremely abnormal, a doctor may order a biopsy of the kidneys. This method to diagnose the issue is most common if a patient has extraordinarily high levels of protein in the urine.Treatment
You should always see a doctor if you notice particles in your urine. If this happens once and then goes away without accompanying symptoms, you are likely safe to wait and see if it happens again before visiting your doctor.
However, if this occurs often and is accompanied by other symptoms, it is likely a sign of an infection or disease. A doctor may perform various tests in order to determine the cause of the sediment.
The treatment plan will then be based on the root cause of the flakes in your urine.
For example, if the particles are found to be due to bacteria, an antibiotic may be prescribed to fight off that infection. If the sediments are due to a more serious condition, such as severe kidney difficulties, surgery may be suggested.
After treatment is completed, patients may need to return to the doctor for a routine urinalysis at regular intervals.
This will help ensure that the assigned treatment is effective and the concentration of sediments in the urine has decreased. This is especially important in those who has very concentrated urine sediments.Prevention
The best approach to avoiding sediments in your urine is prevention.
No matter what the root cause of the issue may be, the best approach is preventing the issue with a forward-thinking lifestyle. By doing this, you are paying attention to your overall health and maintaining a healthy diet and active lifestyle.
One’s diet can have a great impact on the chances of developing many diseases. Diets full of various fruits and vegetables give your body the antioxidants it needs to fight off diseases.
These foods also help to cleanse your blood of unhealthy cholesterol. Cholesterol can build up in the blood vessels and prevent blood from circulating properly. If your circulation is strong, your heart is much more likely to be healthy and the blood is able to distribute enough nutrients to your organs to make sure they are nourished.
This will help the organs function at an optimal level.
Read more:
References
(1)”sci.washington.edu/info/pamphlets/uti_2.asp
(2)”healththerapy.org/white-particles-in-urine/
(3)”healthcentral.com/encyclopedia/hc/gardnerella-vaginalis-3168696/
(4)”cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/stdfact-trichomoniasis.htm
(5)”emedicine.medscape.com/article/238158-overview
(6)”healththerapy.org/sediment-in-urine/
(7)”mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/basics/symptoms/con-20024829
(8)”livestrong.com/article/165453-normal-sediment-urine/
Urine casts are cylindrical, cigar-shaped structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine in certain disease conditions.
All casts are composed of a mucoprotein known as Tamm-Horsfall protein which is secreted by the distal loop of Henle, the distal tubule and the collecting ducts at a fairly constant rate. A significant number of urinary casts usually indicates the presence of renal disease.Formation of Casts
Urinary casts are formed only in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) or the collecting duct. The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and loop of Henle are not locations for cast formation. Casts are the result of solidification of material (protein) in the lumen of the kidney tubules.
Once formed, these casts of the tubule are eliminated via the urine and may be seen in the urine sediment. They may contain RBCs, WBCs, renal epithelial cells, fat globules, bacteria, and degenerated forms of any of these structures, which are seen as granules.
Aggregates of plasma proteins, including fibrinogen, immune complexes, and globulins, may also be seen as granules within a cast.Types of urinary Casts
Urinary casts can be divided into two main categories : Acellular and Cellular Casts.Acellular CastsCellular CastsHyaline CastsRed Blood Cell CastsGranular CastsWhite Blood Cell CastsWaxy CastsBacterial CastsFatty CastsEpithelial Cell CastsAcellular CastsHyaline Casts
Hyaline casts are the most common type of casts which are composed of solidified Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein. They have smooth texture and a refractive index very close to that of the surrounding fluid.
Generally, hyaline casts have parallel sides with clear margins and blunted ends. Hyaline casts can be seen even in healthy patients. They may be seen in increased numbers during dehydration, exercise or diuretic medicines.Granular Casts
Granular casts result either from the degeneration of cellular casts, or direct aggregation of plasma proteins or immunoglobulin light chains. They have a textured appearance which ranges from fine to coarse in character.
Their appearance is generally more cigar-shaped and of a higher refractive index than hyaline casts. They are seen after sternous exercise, chronic renal diseases, acute tubular necrosis etc.Waxy Casts
Waxy casts represent the final stage of degeneration of cellular casts. They are more refractile and therefore easier to see compared to hyaline casts.
They are uaually seen in tubular injury of a more chronic nature than granular or cellular casts like severe chronic renal disease and renal amyloidosis. These casts are also called renal failure casts.Fatty Casts
Fatty casts are formed by the breakdown of lipid-rich epithelial cells. These contain lipid droplets within the protein matrix of the cast and are identified by the presence of refractile lipid droplets. They are usually seen in the conditions like tubular degeneration, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism etc.Cellular Casts
A cellular cast may be composed of any of the cells found in the urine sediment, such as RBC, WBC, or renal tubular epithelial cell. The cellular cast appears to result from a clumping of cells that are incorporated in a protein matrix.Red Blood Cell Casts
Red blood cells may stick together and form red blood cell casts. Such casts are indicative of glomerulonephritis, with leakage of RBC’s from glomeruli, or severe tubular damage.White Blood Cell Casts
White blood cells (generally neutrophils) are present within or upon casts. These casts are typical for acute pyelonephritis, but they may also be present with glomerulonephritis.
They may also be seen in acute interstitial nephritis, lupus nephritis, and acute papillary necrosis.Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Casts
These casts are composed of renal epithelial cells. These casts are seen in conditions such as renal tubular necrosis, viral disease (such as CMV nephritis), and kidney transplant rejection.Bacterial Cell Casts
Bacterial casts are casts composed of bacteria in a protein(hyaline) matrix. Bacterial casts are diagnostic of acute pyelonephritis or intrinsic renal infection.SummaryCastsCompositionAssociated ConditionsHyaline castsSolidified Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein
*Normal individuals
*Dehydration
*Heavy exerciseGranular castsVarious cell types (Degeneration of cellular casts, Aggregates of plasma proteins or immunoglobulin light chains)
*After sternous exercise
*Chronic renal diseases
*Acute tubular necrosisWaxy casts (renal failure casts)Various cell types (Final stage of degeneration of cellular cast)
*Severe chronic renal disease
*renal amyloidosisFatty castsLipid droplets within the protein matrix of the cast
*Tubular degeneration
*Nephrotic syndrome
*HypothyroidismRBC CastsRed Blood Cells
*Pyelonephritis
*Glomerulonephritis
*Acute interstitial nephritis
*Lupus nephritisWBC CastsWhite Blood Cells
*GlomerulonephritisEpithelial Cell CastsRenal Tubular Epithelial Cells
*Renal tubular necrosis
*Viral Diseases
*Kidney transplant rejectionBacterial Cell CastsBacterial Cells
*Acute pyelonephritis
*Intrinsic renal infection
What does it mean to have cast in your urine?There are different interpretations of having a cast in the urine. It all depends on the type of cast. If it is a granular cast, it could indicate underlying kidney disease. If it is a red blood cell cast, it could be a sign of bleeding from the kidneys, which could be associated with different types of kidney-related diseases. If the cast is tubular epithelial, then it could suggest damage in the kidney’s tubule cells.Are casts in urine normal?It is normal to have cast in the urine, but in a very few amount and usually hyaline or granular in nature. However, you have to be aware that people with chronic or progressive generalized nephritis, there could also be the presence of a few cast.What causes granular casts in urine?A granular cast can be associated with kidney-related conditions, but non-specific and could also be observed in people with other types of kidney-related diseases.What is the normal range for casts in urine?Hyaline cast in urine for healthy people ranges between 0 to 5 per power field. If you have just performed an exercise routine, there could be an increase in the number of hyaline casts. There are other types of the cast that could be detected in the urine and each is associated with different types of kidney-related diseases.What do red blood cell casts in the urine always indicate?If red blood cell casts are detected, they could suggest bleeding in the kidneys, which could be linked to different types of kidney diseases.What do crystals in urine indicate?If crystals in the urine are detected, the amount, size, and type are further investigated. A few small urine crystals in urine is just normal. However, large crystals shouldn’t be taken lightly as they could form kidney stones – a hard pebble-like substance that could get stuck in the kidneys.How are casts formed?Casts are formed in the thin, long, and hallow renal tubules, which explains why they are cylindrical in shape and structure. They are formed specifically in the distal convoluted tubule/collecting duct.Why is there mucus in my urine?aMucus in urine is a thick and slimy substance that coats and moistens some body parts including the urinary tract. It is just normal to have a small amount of mucus in urine. However, you have to be wary of the amount of mucus gets out of control as it could be indicative of urinary tract infection or other underlying medical conditions.What is damaging to kidneys?The kidneys are a highly sensitive organ and most of the time other underlying medical conditions could cause damage to the kidneys. These include diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 and high blood pressure.What causes the protein in the urine?The presence of protein in urine could be due to many factors such as:
*High protein diet
*Stress
*Pregnancy
*Strenuous exercise
If the protein in the urine is abnormally high, the doctor will request additional urinalysis and other necessary tests to find out the culprit.What should not be found in urine?The following are not usually found in urine:
*Nitrites
*Hemoglobin
*Glucose
*Protein
*Ketones
*Bilirubin
*Red blood cells
*White blood cellsHow do you get rid of crystals in your urine?There are different ways to remove crystal formation in urine but the most effective ones include the following:
*Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
*Ureteroscopy – a thin scope with a camera on the end is passed through the bladder to access the kidneys.
*Extra
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